Bretton Woods and the World Debt Crisis essays

Bretton Woods and the World Debt Crisis essays 1. The Bretton Woods institutions were developed near the end of W.W. II to help countries that were greatly affected by the war. The three institutions that were created in New Hampshire by the economic leaders of various countries were: The International Monetary Fund, The World Bank, and The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which later developed into the World Trade Organization. The I.M.F was created so that countries could exchange their currency for other currencies with little restriction on the trade. This organization also helps countries that are facing high debts by giving them loans. The World Bank was established to help European countries destroyed by the war. The only country to receive any money for the war however was Holland. After that, The World Bank focused mainly on giving out loans similar to the I.M.F. The GATT was created with the idea that countries could negotiate their policy on trade. They wanted to create an institution that would regulate free tr ade between countries. Some countries did not like the idea that an organization could control what they do with other countries. Consequently in 1995 the World Trade Organization was established. The organization can judge if member countries are not getting fair trade policies by other Countries. 2. The three major factors that created the debt crisis were; the change in what we call money, the amount of money given to poor countries by the organizations like the I.M.F and World Bank, and the oil boom of the 1970s which pressured financial organizations to invest the money created from that boom. The Bretton Woods meeting established the idea that countries would exchange their currency for U.S dollars at a fixed rate. In return, the Americans would exchange money for gold that they at Fort Knox again at a fixed rate. For various reasons however, in the 1960s the United States was creating an amount of money that they did not have in gold. C...

How to Make a Marijuana Tincture

How to Make a Marijuana Tincture Making a marijuana tincture is an easy way to extract THC and cannabinoids from Cannabis. A tincture is an alcohol-based solution, used to extract organics from herbs and other plants. Tinctures are useful because they isolate certain compounds better than soaking or boiling herbs in water, the alcohol acts as a natural preservative, and medicinal tinctures often take effect more quickly than other administration routes, like eating, drinking, or smoking. Marijuana Tincture Materials A typical ratio of plant matter to alcohol would be 1 gram to 1 fluid ounce (35 ml) of alcohol. Up to 6 grams of Cannabis can be used, depending on your resources and how concentrated you want the end product to be. Do not use any other type of alcohol besides ethyl alcohol or ethanol (e.g., isopropyl alcohol or methyl alcohol), as these chemicals are toxic. Cannabis sativa bud, fresh or driedHigh-proof ethanolFlavoring (optional)Small glass jar with lidBrown or blue glass dropper bottle Everclear is a popular source of ethanol because it is so high in alcohol. 151 rum also works. Be sure to use food-quality ethanol, not denatured alcohol. Denatured alcohol contains contaminants that make it unsafe to drink. Lower concentrations of alcohol will not be as effective for the extraction or preservation. Basic Steps To Prepare a Cannabis Tincture Place the marijuana in the bottle.  Pour alcohol into the bottle, making certain to cover the plant matter.Seal the bottle. Place it in a warm location, out of direct sunlight.Give the alcohol mixture at least a day, but preferably longer than a week to soak. You can shake the bottle from time to time to ensure a good extraction of  the THC and other cannabinoids.Filter the liquid through a coffee filter to remove the solids and reserve the liquid in a dark-colored glass dropper bottle. Avoid using plastic, as the liquid may leach some undesirable compounds from the plastic into the tincture over time. Flavoring may be added to improve the taste of the tincture, if desired.A typical dose would be 3-5 drops, depending on how strong you made the tincture. Start with the minimum amount and see what works best for you. Fast Marijuana Tincture Recipe While the classic tincture instructions are fine, you can prepare a tincture much more quickly if youre willing to put in slightly more preparation time. Also, this method uses less source material (although the tincture is also less potent). This recipe produces an effective tincture in as little as an hour. The disadvantage of the method is that it uses heat, which can damage some of the many cannabinoids in Cannabis if you get carried away. Dont exceed the recommended temperature. Dry about 4-5 grams of a Cannabis sativa bud.Grind the material to increase surface area (speeds extraction).Bake the marijuana is a 240 F over (set for just under 250 F) for 30 minutes. This decarboxylates the matter, improving the extraction of desirable compounds while helping to eliminate unwanted chemicals. Both heat and alcohol can convert  the THCA molecules in the plant matter into active THC.Place the marijuana in 2 ounces of alcohol. Make sure it is covered and seal the container to prevent gas exchange with air.Place the container in a cool, dark location. The longer you allow for the alcohol to extract the cannabinoids, the more potent your tincture will be. You can watch the extraction progress as the color of the liquid changes from clear to green. Once the color is stable (up to 2 or 3 hours), filter the liquid using a coffee filter or cheesecloth. Of course, you can consider the tincture done sooner, but you may lose potency.Store the tincture in a dark glass droppe r bottle. While the alcohol preserves a tincture at room temperature, its fine to refrigerate it to further reduce the chance of mold or fungal growth. How to Use a Marijuana Tincture The ideal way to use this tincture is to apply drops sublingually (under your tongue). Use a few drops and then wait to determine the effect. Cannabinoids are quickly absorbed across the mucosa of the mouth into the bloodstream for distribution to the brain and other parts of the body. If the desired effect is not achieved after the initial dose, a few more drops may be applied.

Caux Round Table Principles for Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Caux Round Table Principles for Business - Essay Example The researcher states that the general business’s objective is to keep prices low as to give the highest quality services to the customers. In consideration, the business uses its resources effectively and prudently to benefit the business and the community in a whole that rank with a score of 5. It conducts its business with faithfulness and keeps its promises to the stakeholders and its level of adherence amounts to 4 by 3 that equals 12. Lastly, it creates value for its stakeholders as it adheres to domestic and international laws amounting to a score of 3 each in three categories that amounts to 9. The total amount of the score on the general principles equals to 26. The company seeks to improve customer satisfaction daily both on goods and services offered. They treat customers with respect, which is an added advantage of maintaining potential clients while converting the first time clients to frequent ones. Whenever possible, they communicate with our clients on the need s to be met urgently and what could wait for fairly that amounts to a score of 3 and 3 in providing quality that enhances customer requirements. This ensures that our clients’ needs are attended to and consequently boost their satisfaction towards our services. Using the Paine checklist, our score is outstanding ranking at score 4 as they offer quality that meets customer requirements. Still, the score aims at minimizing adverse safety and health impacts and communicate them to clients when appropriate. The total score amounts to 14. As mentioned, the company is a family owned business owned by the author’s father at present. At the present, they have no investors but they hope to have them in the future. Although the score ranks the least, they hope to score the highest score as per Caux roundtable checklist. The table checklist interprets the score as the least with a score of 1 as it does not respect investor’s input to the business.

To Kill a Mocking Bird Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

To Kill a Mocking Bird - Essay Example Racism refers to the belief that there are differences in the ethnic groups on the basis of people’s characters, abilities and status. Racism, hence, classifies people in different groups and considers some races as superior to the others. The concept of racism is losing its colour. It is, however, not justifiable to believe that racism has been eliminated completely from the society. The literature is full of such works which identify the instances of racism in the society from the 20’s till now. Throughout history there have been many forms of racism against different groups of people. One way we can really know is by the writers word in literature or school books. One way has been exposed is in "To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee in which she depicts the racial problems of the Deep South in 1930 (Thernstrom 1997; Claudia 1994; Lee 1960). In To Kill A Mockingbird, Harper Lee uses many characters in the book, including Atticus, Jem, Scout and Tom to convey the major t hemes of the story regarding courage, racism and stereotyping to the reader. The story clearly describes the issue of racism as it was in the 1920s and 1930s in America. It is a story which revolves around a black named Tom Robinson who is accused of raping a girl which he has not even done. Racism can be seen in the very core of the theme of the story. The story shows that blacks have always been treated inferior to other races and because of their ethnicity and colour they have always been blamed for things that they have not even done (Lee 1960). The story shows how a town gets one sided when it comes to the issue of rape of a girl by a black. The black named Tom Robinson provides with enough evidence that he is not committed the crime but no one believes him because of his colour. The treatment of Tom Robinson in the story can clearly tell that the jury was being biased only because he was a black. Not only this but racism is also showed in the words of the characters in the sto ry. As at one instance Scout clearly states that â€Å"He’s just a nigger’ (Lee 1960). Racism as practiced in the society against blacks is seen in the courtroom as told by Lee. This can be clearly seen in the character of Mr Gilmer when he cross examines Tom Robinson. It is seen how Mr Gilmer makes a mockery out Tom’s story. It is seen that even the judge is not objecting to Tom Robinson’s treatment by Mr Gilmer. These racist comments passed by the lawyer against Tom Robinson clearly depict the theme of racism as being practiced in the society against the blacks. Similarly Stereotyping also can be witnessed here as the judges in the courtroom were not paying any particular heed to Tom Robinson’s plea as blacks automatically are considered to be criminals. Therefore it can be said that Chapter 19 is the amalgamation of all these themes together to give out a masterpiece which co-relates the judgment and the main theme of the whole story (Lee 1960; Thernstrom 1997). The story tells as to how stereotyping against the blacks or inferior class is being done in the society and how it is actually affecting the lives of many individuals living in this world. An example of stereotyping is the way people think about Dolphus Raymond without even knowing him. For example in chapter 20 Scout says â€Å"somehow, I didn’t think Atticus would like it if we became friendly with Mr. Raymond, and I knew Aunt Alexandra wouldn’

HUman CApital Management Essay Example for Free

HUman CApital Management Essay However, only since two decades ago, he whole culture of human resource management changed drastically due to extensive influence of internet, wireless connection and Steve Job. This paradigm shift of HRM was mooted by most of the present Fortune 500 companies such as Apple, Google and Bloomberg. These companies which was formed about two decades ago changed the landmark of Human Resource Management. Human Resource Department changed role from hiring and administrating workforce for the company to engaging and managing talent and human capital to add value to the organizations performance and success. The trend was established that human apital or the people of the organization are the core which shall be well capitalised requirement changed drastically. One of it is the performance management of this human capital. This literature analysed on what are the problem faced in measuring performance management or appraisal of staffs, the factors prompting organization to reconsider or overhaul their performance management system and on how organization could improve the performance management system to suit current SHRM environment which the workforce demands. The problems with the appraisal system were found to be standard of performance measurement, more Judgemental n appraising, poor skills of appraiser and the frequency of performance appraisal. These shortcomings are due to the evolving nature of business environment which are caused by globalization, new approach of people management, knowledge economy, generational expectations, technology advancement etc. Discussion to improve performance appraisal leads to aspect of new philosophy of HRM, improved appraisal model, Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM), and defined roles of managers.

The Awakening: America Was Not Ready For Edna Pontellier Essay example

The late nineteenth century was a time of great social, technological, and cultural change for America. Boundaries were rapidly evolving. New theories challenging age-old beliefs were springing up everywhere, such as Darwin's natural selection. This post-Civil War era also gave men and women opportunities to work side-by-side, and in 1848, the first woman's rights conference was held in Seneca Fall, New York. These events leading up to the twentieth century had polished the way for the new, independent woman to be introduced. Women "at all levels of society were active in attempts to better their lot, and the 'New Woman,' the late nineteenth-century equivalent of the 'liberated woman,' was much on the public mind" (Culley 117). Women were finally publicly discussing private matters and gaining on their male counterparts’ socioeconomic status, and in 1899, in the midst of the women's movement, American society seemed ready for Kate Chopin’s newest invention, Edna Pontellier. Madame Edna Pontellier, wife of wealthy and much respected Leonce Pontellier, had the perfect life. Vacationing in Grand Isle, living in a mansion, raising her two boys, Edna seemed untroubled and well cared for. But one cannot see another’s private distresses from the outside. Entrapped by the sequestering tomb of the mindsets of her time and starved for freedom and expression, Edna was willing to give up her life to break free. Because of these traits, Edna exemplified the ideal New Woman. She had freedom of choice, courage, passion, and was fearless. Edna Pontellier was the role model for women striving for the same social ideals; they wanted to be her. All this, and Chopin’s ethos with her well written plethora of short stories and her prospero... ..., 2002. p1-237. Seyersted, Per. Kate Chopin A Critical Biography. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 1994. Print. Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Ed. Dennis Poupard. Vol. 14. Detroit: Gale Research, 1984. p55-84. Buhle, Mari Jo. Women and American Socialism, 1870-1920. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1981.†¨ Culley, Margaret, ed. The Awakening: An Authoritative Text Context Criticism. New York: Norton, 1976. Koloski, Bernard, ed. Preface. Approaches to Teaching Chopin's The Awakening. By Koloski. New York: MLA, 1988. Robinson, Lillian. "Treason Our Text: Feminist Challenges to the Literary Canon." Falling into Theory: Conflicting Views on Reading Literature. ed. David H. Richter. Boston: Bedford, 1994. Seyersted, Per. A Kate Chopin Miscellany. Natchitoches: Northwestern State UP, 1979. Toth, Emily. Kate Chopin. New York: Morrow, 1990.

School

This is the entrance season. Don't miss the important exams†¦ Whether your interest is in Engineering, medicine, Law or Hotel management, the period between march and may, at times even June is meant for writing a series of entrance exams. Careerists helps you prioritize†¦ Asking endless rounds of post ices and banks is so tiring, cribs Dry Manhandling, a harried father of a 17-year-old. His daughter is appearing for 10+2 and aspires to be an engineer.He has so far ailed in 11 application forms for efferent state and national-level entrances and a few are to follow. What is making matters worse is the indifference of most of the test-conducting agencies, especially the state-led ones like CBS or NITS. None of them respond, and their phone lines are perpetually busy, laments Manhandling. To help thousands of parents like him, we have put together detailed information on over 50 entrances across the four major disciplines: Medicine, Engineering, Law and Hotel Management.For e ach of the entrances, we have provided detailed information on the process of form ailing, syllabus, test pattern, counseling process and seats availability. Continuing our tradition, we will also publish advisories on how to crack them. During the course of next three months, in case you have any queries with respect to any of these examinations you are most welcome to call up our helpline number: 011- 40 360 360. Entrance examinations in the country vary in their objective and scale widely. The biggest of course is the JEEZ (Main) which sees over 1. 5 million aspirants.Other private and deemed universities that conduct their own examinations for different programmers get between 5000-30,000 aspirants. It would make sense to appear for good private university entrances because, quite a few of them offer good scholarships for toppers in their respective examinations. Do not miss out on applying to your preferred institutions. Good Luck! ENTRANCE EXAMS MEDICINE iris step that one tak es to become a doctor or rather a professional adept in the ‘led of medicine is to opt for subjects in Life Sciences, particularly Biology while in high school.The next step is to prepare for medical entrance examinations, during or after the year of passing class 12, that are held mostly in the month of April, May and June every year. Clearing the exam successfully helps you secure admission in a medical school to undertake an undergraduate medical degree, primarily MOBS or BEDS (Dental). There are slight variations in eligibility norms for various entrances. Usually candidates must be of 17 years of age and must have passed 10+2 from a recognized board with 50/45 percent in the aggregate (40 percent for SC/ SST).The candidates appearing for their board exam in 2014 are also eligible to apply. The candidates must have studied Physics, Chemistry, Math or Biology. Cracking the exam A career in medicine, especially in India with roughly 50,000-odd seats at the undergraduate leve l is based on your ability to qualify national or state-level tests. You need to test your ability in Physics, Chemistry, Botany and Zoology. In these exams, apart from being accurate, you also need to be alert and very quick.In most of the exams for which we are listing out key information (nature, application procedure, fees, important dates, intake, selection), the answers have to be given in less than a minute per question. The assessment in a way relates to the profession that demands an enquiring mind, the capacity to acquire high levels of knowledge which has to be constantly up-dated, and he ability to relate to people as individuals, each with their own health needs. DRY CUSHMAN BATHWATER Addle.Proof & Head, palliative care, Alms Alms has a tradition of research excellence & in addition to being world class, provide care and cure. Some of top researchers in the country populate the campus BOCCE Briar Combined Entrance Competitive Examination (BOCCE) is a state-level exam co nducted by the Briar Combined Competitive Exam Board for admissions to MOBS, BEDS, Barbara courses in various colleges across the state. Exam type: State-level Selection process: The candidates will be called for counseling on the basis f the result.Application Form/procedure The candidates can acquire the application form from select colleges across Briar or select Canard Bank branches, details of which can be CAREERS FEBRUARY 2014 found on the social website The candidates can also acquire the form through post by sending the AD to the BOCCE Board. I The facility for online submission of applications might be available for BOCCE on the social website (http://baseboard. Com/Home. PH).Counseling procedure The counseling for BOCCE candidates will be held as per the roll numbers given in the schedule, merit-wise. I Candidates will have to attend the unsealing and go through document verification process at: The BOCCE Board, I. A. S. Association Building, Near Patina Airport,Patina-800 014 TRAINING IN specialties help surgeons to keep themselves updated Students have to carry originals of all qualifying exams along with one set of attested copies of the same.Exam pattern: The paper comprises two stages: First stage There are four sections: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and Biology. I Candidates have to attempt Physics and Chemistry compulsorily I Candidates opting for MOBS/BEDS should attempt Biology. I The total marks for PC candidates ill be 150 with each subject carrying 50 marks. Second Stage I There are four sections: Physics, Each paper will be for the duration of one-and-a-half hours. And Chemistry compulsorily.I Total marks for each subject will be I There will be a total of 100 questions in each subject I Four marks will be awarded for each correct answer and one mark deducted for every wrong answer Syllabus: The syllabus will be available on the social website of BOCCE and will basically be the same as that of the HAS-level examination. 31 Selection Pr ocess: The process begins after both the phases of the examination have been conducted. Then the BOCCE Board declares shortlist students based on the results. It then invites students for counseling and college/course preference.Important dates Commencement of sale of Application Form: January 17, 2014 I Last date of sale of Application Form: February 17, 2014 I Last date of receipt of application form: February 25, 2014 I Date of Examination (First Phase): 13 April, 2014 I Date of Examination (Second Phase): 18 May, 2014 Entrance Exams SEAM Kraal Engineering Agriculture Medical Entrance Examinations (SEAM) is conducted by Choice of the Commissioner for Entrance Examinations, Kraal for admissions to undergraduate professional courses. Selection process: Candidates will be called for counseling based on results of the entrance.Application form/procedure Candidates need to apply online in prescribed SEAM 2014 application form available on the social website (http:// www. CE-kraal. Org /). They need to remit an examination fee of RSI. 800. Counseling procedure: The counseling will be as per the schedule drawn on the merit list rankings. It involves document verification, allotment of seats, payment of admission fees and other formalities. Students must be physically present during counseling and original comments have to be submitted. Exam pattern It is a paper-pencil exam of 2 hours and 30 minutes duration having 120 Multiple Choice Questions (Macs) of 480 marks.Each correct response to the question will be awarded four marks and one mark will be deducted for each incorrect response under negative marking scheme. I Online Application Form: January 10, 2014 – February 5, 2014 I Admit Card: March 24, 2014 I Exam: April 23 and April 24, 2014 (lo:o a. M – 12:30 p. M. ) I Result Declaration: May 20, 2014 WEBBED Medical Conducted by West Bengal Joint Entrance Examination Board, the West Bengal Joint Entrance Examination WEBBED) allows admissions to underg raduate medical and dental courses. Selection Process: The candidates will be called for counseling on the basis of the result.I The interested candidates need to ill in WEBBED Online Application Form through the social website (http:// www. Webb. In/). I The WEBBED application form fees of RSI. 500 can be deposited either online or Allahabad E-Bank Callahan or selected Post Choice. The WEBBED merit rank will be announced soon after the declaration of the results. The counseling for WEBBED will be conducted in three phases. The phases of counseling depend on the umber of meritorious students and the availability of the seats. A fourth round may be conducted if seats are available after the deemed three rounds of WEBBED counseling are concluded.The exam comprises multiple-choice questions with 80% of the total marks and short answer type questions with 20% of the total marks. The total marks allotted for WEBBED 2014 Exam is 200. There shall be a system of negative marking of 33. 33% for every wrong response. Online WEBBED 2014 Application form available from: December 18 to January 25, 2014 I Last date for receipt of confirmation page: February 4, 2014 I -rest date: April 20, 2014. All India Pre Medical/Pre Dental Examination Exam type: National-level I All India pre Medical -rest (MITT) is conducted by CBS for admission to MOBS and BEDS courses.The exam allows ailing 15 percent seats in government colleges. 32 be called for counseling on the basis of Log on to MITT website (http:// mitt. Nice. In/mitt/Welcome. Asps), ill the application form and note down the registration number generated by the system. I Payment of RSI. 1000 can be made through Credit Card/Debit Card or through E-Callahan. I Confirmation page will be generated after payment of fees. Take print -outs f the confirmation page at Part IV of application format and the address slip.Paste photograph on the confirmation and send it to the following address along with E-Callahan Copy (in case payment is made through E-Callahan) by registered/speed post: The Deputy Secretary, MITT unit, Central Board of Secondary Education, Sheikhs Kenned, 2, Community Center, prà ªt Viral, Delhi- 110 301 All original documents are required during counseling – Counseling call letter; Rank Card/Hall Ticket score card; Mark sheets/consolidated mark statement of the qualifying examination; Original degree/provisional certificate; High school (Class X) certificate as proof of date of birth: Community certificate (issued by the competent authority); Demand draft for amount towards part of tuition fee or full tuition fee, whichever is less.

Decision-Making Process Paper Essay

My name is Jovon Roberson, I will be discussing my decision making process. I will try to supply research supporting my ideas. The paper will describe some steps of my process. I will compare some similarity to the text, and explain how some of the steps might be different. Most decisions people make in their life time will definitely be easy and some maybe very difficult. I truly believe that each individual is in control of their own destiny and in complete control of the decisions they have to make in their life time. My decision to start school was clearly decided right after I was terminated from my job. I was ill at the time and desperately needed to file for the family medical leave of absence so my job would not be in jeopardy, but that was a total loss. Once terminated I clearly had to make some important decisions about the future of my son and I, while thinking long and hard about how I was going to make ends meet. I had a discussion with one of my best friends and I came to the grips that I needed more than what I was getting and this really was my only option going to school. My steps are somewhat different from the ones in the text, but it is clear they there were important steps to take while making my decision to go back to school and I really believe it was one of the best decision I could have made. My decisions would have been different very different but in reality the the steps in the text provided more proper steps and they would have been a more thought out process for me butat the same time my decision would have been the same. It would have been precise, more thought out some plans would have been setup, and short term goals would have been set, long term goals would have been into play and set as well. More thought would have been there to back everything up not just the goals set in my head they would have been on paper in black and white. I would have been better prepared for all my future intents. People gather and evaluate information when they face major decisions or milestones in their lives. The internet has become a more important source of information as people gain experience and as they embrace broadband (Copyright 2012 Pew Internet & American Life Project). In this paper I have discussed some similarity to the text, and explain how some of the steps might be different. The decisions people make in their life time will definitely be easy and some maybe very difficult and how I truly believe that each individual is in control of their own destiny and in complete control of the decisions they have to make in their life time. I hope I have covered everything in this paper that you have asked for. I thank you for your attention and your time. References: Copyright 2012 Pew Internet & American Life Project http://pewinternet.org/Topics/Activities-and-Pursuits/Decision-Making.aspx?typeFilter=5

Wiley Post and Will Rogers Killed in Plane Crash

Wiley Post and Will Rogers Killed in Plane Crash On August 15, 1935, famous aviator Wiley Post and popular humorist Will Rogers were flying together in a Lockheed hybrid airplane when they crashed just 15 miles outside of Point Barrow, Alaska. The engine had stalled just after take-off, causing the plane to nose-dive and crash into a lagoon. Both Post and Rogers died instantly. The death of these two great men, who had brought hope and lightheartedness during the dark days of the Great Depression, was a shocking loss to the nation. Who Was Wiley Post? Wiley Post and Will Rogers were two men from Oklahoma (well, Post had been born in Texas but then moved to Oklahoma as a young boy), who broke free from their ordinary backgrounds and became beloved figures of their time. Wiley Post was a moody, determined man who had started life out on a farm but dreamed of flying. After a brief stint in the army and then in jail, Post spent his free time as a parachutist for a flying circus. Surprisingly, it wasn’t the flying circus that cost him his left eye; instead, it was an accident at his day job- working at an oil field. The financial settlement from this accident allowed Post to buy his first aircraft. Despite missing an eye, Wiley Post became an exceptional pilot. In 1931, Post and his navigator, Harold Gatty, flew Posts trusty Winnie Mae around the world in just under nine days- breaking the previous record by nearly two weeks. This feat made Wiley Post famous around the world. In 1933, Post flew around the world again. This time not only did he do it solo, he also broke his own record. Following these amazing journeys, Wiley Post decided to take to the skies- high in the sky. Post flew at high altitudes, pioneering the world’s first pressure suit to do so (Posts’ suit eventually became the basis for spacesuits). Who Was Will Rogers? Will Rogers was generally a more grounded, genial fellow. Rogers received his down-to-earth beginnings on his family ranch. It was here that Rogers learned the skills he needed to become a trick roper. Leaving the farm to work on vaudeville and then later in movies, Rogers became a popular cowboy figure. Rogers, however, became most famous for his writing. As a syndicated columnist for The New York Times, Rogers used folk wisdom and earthy banter to comment on the world around him.  Many of Will Rogers’ witticism are remembered and oft-quoted to this day. The Decision to Fly to Alaska Besides both being famous, Wiley Post and Will Rogers seemed like very different people. And yet, the two men had long been friends. Back in the day before Post was famous, he would give individuals rides here or there in his airplane. It was during one of these rides that Post met Rogers. It was this friendship that led to their fateful flight together. Wiley Post was planning an investigative tour of Alaska and Russia to see about creating a mail/passenger route from the United States to Russia. He was originally going to take his wife, Mae, and aviatrix Faye Gillis Wells; however, at the last minute, Wells dropped out. As a replacement, Post asked Rogers to join (and help fund) the trip. Rogers agreed and was very excited about the trip. So excited, in fact, that Posts’ wife decided not to join the two men on the excursion, opting to go back home to Oklahoma rather than endure the harsh camping and hunting trips the two men had planned. The Plane Was too Heavy Wiley Post had used his old, but trusty Winnie Mae for both his round-the-world trips. However, Winnie Mae was now outdated and so Post needed a new aircraft for his Alaska-Russia venture. Struggling for funds, Post decided to piece together a plane that would suit his needs. Starting with a fuselage from a Lockheed Orion, Post added extra-long wings from a Lockheed Explorer. He then changed out the regular engine and replaced it with a 550-horsepower Wasp engine that was 145 pounds heavier than the original. Adding an instrument panel from the Winnie Mae and a heavy Hamilton propeller, the plane was getting heavy. Then Post changed out the 160-gallon original fuel tanks and replaced them with the larger- and heavier- 260-gallon tanks. Although the plane was already getting too heavy, Post was not done with his changes. Since Alaska was still a frontier territory, there were not a lot of long stretches on which to land a regular airplane. Thus, Post wanted to add pontoons onto the plane so that they could land on rivers, lakes, and marshes. Through his Alaskan aviator friend Joe Crosson, Post had requested to borrow a pair of Edo 5300 pontoons, to be delivered to Seattle. However, when Post and Rogers arrived in Seattle, the requested pontoons had not yet arrived. Since Rogers was anxious to start the trip and Post anxious to avoid the Department of Commerce inspector, Post took a pair of pontoons off a Fokker tri-motor plane and, despite them being extra long, had them attached to the plane. The plane, which officially had no name, was quite a mismatch of parts. Red with a streak of silver, the fuselage was dwarfed by the huge pontoons. The plane was clearly too nose-heavy. This fact would lead directly to the crash. The Crash Wiley Post and Will Rogers, accompanied by supplies that included two cases of chili (one of Rogers’ favorite foods), set off for Alaska from Seattle at 9:20 am on August 6, 1935. They made a number of stops, visited friends, watched caribou, and enjoyed the scenery. Rogers also regularly typed up newspaper articles on the typewriter he brought along. After partially refueling at Fairbanks and then fully refueling at Lake Harding on August 15, Post and Rogers were headed to the very small town of Point Barrow, 510 miles away. Rogers was intrigued. He wanted to meet an elderly man named Charlie Brower. Brower had lived for 50 years at this remote location and was often called the â€Å"King of the Arctic.† It would make a perfect interview for his column. Rogers was never to meet Brower, however. During this flight, fog set in and, despite flying low to the ground, Post got lost. After circling the area, they spotted some Eskimos and decided to stop and ask for directions. After landing safely in Walakpa Bay, Post and Rogers got out of the airplane and asked Clair Okpeaha, a local sealer, for directions. Discovering that they were only 15 miles away from their destination, the two men ate the dinner offered them and chatted amiably with the locals, then got back into the plane. By this time, the engine had cooled. Everything seemed to start okay. Post taxied the plane and then lifted off. But when the plane reached about 50 feet into the air, the engine stalled. Normally, this would not necessarily be a fatal problem since planes could glide for a while and then perhaps restart. However, since this plane was so incredibly nose-heavy, the nose of the plane pointed straight down. There was no time for a restart or any other maneuver. The plane crashed back into the lagoon nose first, making a big splash, and then tilting onto its back. A small fire had started but lasted only seconds. Post was trapped under the wreckage, pinned to the engine. Rogers had been thrown clear, into the water. Both had died immediately upon impact. Okpeaha witnessed the accident and then ran to Point Barrow for help. The Aftermath Men from Point Barrow got on a motorized whale boat and headed to the crash scene. They were able to retrieve both bodies, noticing that Post’s watch was broken, stopped at 8:18 pm, while Rogers’ watch still worked. The plane, with a split fuselage and a broken right wing, had been completely destroyed. When the news of the deaths of 36-year-old Wiley Post and 55-year-old Will Rogers reached the public, there was a general outcry. Flags were lowered to half-staff, an honor usually reserved for presidents and dignitaries.  The Smithsonian Institution bought Wiley Posts Winnie Mae, which remains on display at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington DC. Near the crash site now sits two concrete monuments to remember the tragic accident that took the lives of two great men.

Noël Nouvelet French Christmas Carol

Noà «l Nouvelet French Christmas Carol Noà «l Nouvelet is a traditional French Christmas and New Years carol. The song was long ago translated into English as Sing We Now of Christmas, though the lyrics are somewhat different. The translation given here is the literal translation of the original French Christmas carol. Lyrics and Translation Noà «l Nouvelet Noà «l nouvelet, Noà «l chantons ici,Dà ©votes gens, crions Dieu merci  !New Christmas, Christmas we sing here,Devout people, let us shout our thanks to God!Chorus : Chantons Noà «l pour le Roi nouvelet  ! (bis)Noà «l nouvelet, Noà «l chantons ici  !Chorus:Let us sing Christmas for the new King! (repeat)New Christmas, Christmas we sing here.Lange disait! pasteurs partez dici!En Bethlà ©em trouverez langelet.ChorusThe angel said! Shepherds leave this place!In Bethlehem youll find the little angel.ChorusEn Bethlà ©em, à ©tant tous rà ©unis,Trouvà ¨rent lenfant, Joseph, Marie aussi.ChorusIn Bethlehem, all united,Were found the child, Joseph, and Mary too.ChorusBientà ´t, les Rois, par là ©toile à ©claircis,A Bethlà ©em vinrent une matinà ©e.ChorusSoon, the Kings, by the bright starTo Bethlehem came one morning.ChorusLun partait lor; lautre lencens bem;Là ©table alors au Paradis semblait.ChorusOne brought gold, the other priceless incense;The stable thus seemed like Heaven.Chorus Noà «l Nouvelet  History and Meaning This traditional French carol dates from the late 15th century and the early 16th century. The word nouvelet has the same root as  Noà «l, both stemming from the word for news and newness. Some sources say it was a New Years song. But others point out that the lyrics all speak of the news of the birth of the Christ child in Bethlehem, the announcement by angels to the shepherds in the fields, looking forward to the visit of the Three Kings and the presentation of their gifts to the Holy Family. Everything points to a Christmas carol rather than celebrating the New Year. This carol celebrates all of the figures in the  crà ¨che, the handmade nativity scenes found throughout France, where they are part of the Christmas celebration in homes and in town squares. This song would be sung by families at home and at community gatherings rather than as part of the liturgy in Roman Catholic churches at the time it was written. There are many versions found from those early centuries. It was printed in the  1721 Grande Bible des noà «ls, taunt vieux que nouveaus.  Translations into English and variations in French would all be colored by the denominational differences between Christian faiths and doctrines. The song is in a minor key, in Dorian mode. It shares its first five notes with the hymn,  Ave, Maris Stella Lucens Miseris.  The tune is used in, of course, the English version, Sing We Now of Christmas. But it is also repurposed for the Easter hymn, Now the Green Blade Rises, written in 1928 by John Macleod Cambell Crum. It is used for several translations into English of a hymn based on the writings of Thomas Aquinas, Adoro Te Devote, A Meditation on the Blessed Sacrament. The carol remains popular both in French and in its English variations.

POLI0098 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

POLI0098 - Research Paper Example Together with Inner Deep Bay, the Reserve was listed among the ‘Wetland of International Importance’ in 1995 under the Ramsar Convention. In the past years, WWF has seen a significant increase in the volume of work required to maintain the habitat. The habitat is very crucial for the future of the many migratory birds every year. The Reserve is currently a point where remedial work has to be carried out in order to maintain its ecological importance. Management costs for the reserve are increasing rapidly and the yearly contribution of HK1.4 million from the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department is insufficient. In the fiscal year 2010, the Reserve management cost was set at HK6.6 million and the funding from the government was only about 22 percent of the management cost. Government funding has been successful in the United Kingdom in particular where the NGO’s are managing the land within the environmentally sensitive sites such as the Ramsar Sites and Sites of Special Scientific Interests. These sites receive between 50 and 100 percent funding for capital investments and approximately 50 percent for management of the habitats. WWF seeks HK$6 million per year for the next two years and HK$3.5 million for the third year. The funds needed for the subsequent years will be adjusted according to the Construction Inflation Index. This amount in funding will go a long way in bringing Hong Kong to a level with other countries’ funding of internationally significant habitats. It would also reflect the government’s commitment to the conservation of the important wetland habitat. The Big Bird Race event manages the Reserve and so far it has raised HK$30 million, this year seeking to raise HK$1.2 million (WWF-Hong Kong). The present government policy according to WWF is based on the public perceptions rather than actual scientific facts. It has not yet been proven that a human contracted